Researches show that inadequate living conditions can cause a number of problems with health, including respiratory diseases, a cardiovascular system, infectious diseases - such as asthma and tuberculosis and also mental diseases.
First of all, in WHO draw attention to an overpopulation problem. According to basic standards of the UN, no more than three people have to live in each room. However in the different countries these requirements differ. For example, in the USA overpopulated is considered the apartment where in each room there live more than one person, and in Europe accommodation in one room of two children aged till 12 flyings is allowed.
One more serious problem – cold in the apartment and bad thermal insulation. Cold air causes pneumonia and other diseases of respiratory tracts and also cardiovascular diseases. In 11 countries of the European region nearly 40 thousand people a year die of consequences of the lowered room temperature. And the countries with moderately cold winter usually pay less attention to thermal insulation and heating, and their population suffers from the problems with health caused by low room temperature more. The recommended minimum room temperature – 18 °C. Also in WHO advise to pay attention to thermal insulation of the houses located in the countries where winter, as a rule, cold.
Experts also warn against too high temperature of air in houses in hot weather. The recommended maximum levels of temperature differ in the different countries: if in Boston (USA) and in London (Great Britain) it is 25 °C, then in Thailand - 32 °C. Too high room temperature involves exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases and a sleep disorder.
One of important recommendations – to protect the members of household from possible injuries. Worldwide in 2016 house incidents, first of all - falling and burns became the reason of a half of all fatal cases as a result of injuries. Elderly people and children are subject to the biggest risk. WHO recommends to equip the house with devices of the notification and protection, such as protective screens at windows and fire alarm protection systems.
Considering aging of the population around the world, WHO recommends to equip housing estates so that they were convenient for physically disabled people. It will help to prevent traumatism and to improve quality of life.
The management of WHO developed on the basis of systematic researches also makes a number of recommendations for water quality, air, noise limit, use of asbestos and lead.
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